Enneagram

Drawing upon Jungian theory, Isabel Myers proposed that for each personality type, the cognitive functions (sensing, intuition, thinking, and feeling) form a hierarchy. This hierarchy represents the person's so-called default pattern of behavior.
The Dominant function is the personality type's preferred role, the one they feel most comfortable with. The secondary Auxiliary function serves to support and expand on the Dominant function. If the Dominant is an information gathering function (sensing or intuition), the Auxiliary is a decision making function (thinking or feeling), and vice versa. The Tertiary function is less developed than the Dominant and Auxiliary, but it matures over time, rounding out the person's abilities. The Inferior function is the personality type's Achilles' heel. This is the function they are least comfortable with. Like the Tertiary, the Inferior function strengthens with maturity.[13]
Jung and Myers considered the attitude of the Auxiliary, Tertiary, and Inferior functions to be the opposite of the Dominant. In this interpretation, if the Dominant function is extraverted, then the other three are introverted, and vice versa. However, many modern practitioners hold that the attitude of the Tertiary function is the same as the Dominant.[5] (Neither view is backed by sufficient empirical evidence to be considered scientifically valid.[14]) Using the more modern interpretation, the cognitive functions of the ENTJ are as follows:[13]

Dominant: Extraverted thinking (Te)
Te organizes and schedules ideas and the environment to ensure the efficient, productive pursuit of objectives. Te seeks logical explanations for actions, events, and conclusions, looking for faulty reasoning and lapses in sequence. [15]
Te is the most developed function for ENTJs. Te involves ordering, structuring, specifying, and applying logic to situations. ENTJs tend to be endowed with strong organizational and coordination skills. Te is also focused on performing a task in the most efficient and productive manner, which generally gives ENTJs the ability to direct and marshal their environment according to work-specific needs. Further, Te contributes to the ENTJs' ability to accumulate relevant data while analyzing that data for factual accuracies and impersonal applications.

Auxiliary: Introverted intuition (Ni)
Attracted to symbolic actions or devices, Ni synthesizes seeming paradoxes to create the previously unimagined. These realizations come with a certainty that demands action to fulfill a new vision of the future, solutions that may include complex systems or universal truths. [16]
Ni allows ENTJs to process information and events through impressions, possibilities, and meanings, thereby helping provide ENTJs with a sense of the future. Ni contributes to the ability to grasp patterns and plans. Complex, generalized information is processed through Ni to add clarity and check for imperfections. Ni supports Te in ENTJs' pursuit of goals; ENTJs use Ni to improve a situation to make it more useful to themselves.

Tertiary: Extraverted sensing (Se)
Se focuses on the experiences and sensations of the immediate, physical world. With an acute awareness of the present surroundings, it brings relevant facts and details to the forefront and may lead to spontaneous action. [17]
In ENTJs, Se is a basic function, less developed than Te or Ni. Se helps ENTJs effectively act upon their immediate surroundings. ENTJs scan their physical environment to observe where improvements can be made, and Se is integral to the application of Te and Ni to meet those standards. Se gathers detailed data from the immediate experience to expand the ENTJs' knowledge base and heighten the ENTJs' sense of reality upon taking action.

Inferior: Introverted feeling (Fi)
Fi filters information based on interpretations of worth, forming judgments according to criteria that are often intangible. Fi constantly balances an internal set of values such as harmony and authenticity. Attuned to subtle distinctions, Fi innately senses what is true and what is false in a situation. [18]
Fi is the ENTJs' weakest function, but it does mature over time. ENTJs have difficulty applying subjective and emotional thoughts to their decision-making, since they believe Feeling obstructs decisiveness and impartiality. While this is applicable to objective criteria, ENTJs must learn to recognize the great importance of Feeling in relationships and personal contact, since it creates the close bonds vital to human beings. At worst, a failure to engage the Feeling function can make ENTJs appear overbearing, insensitive, and abrasive. Further, it can result in an underdeveloped system of morality and values, which can disengage ENTJs from the personal world of self-fulfillment.

Shadow functions
Later personality researchers (notably Linda V. Berens)[19] added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called "shadow" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can be developed, or emerge when the person is under stress. The shadow processes "operate more on the boundaries of our awareness…We usually experience these processes in a negative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive."[20] For the ENTJ these shadow functions are (in order):
Introverted thinking (Ti): Ti seeks precision, such as the exact word to express an idea. It notices the minute distinctions that define the essence of things, then analyzes and classifies them. Ti examines all sides of an issue, looking to solve problems while minimizing effort and risk. It uses models to root out logical inconsistency.[21] For the ENTJ, Ti supports Te by expanding the use of the Thinking function. But using Ti requires more effort, and Ti's application is narrower.

Extraverted intuition (Ne): Ne finds and interprets hidden meanings, using “what if” questions to explore alternatives and allowing multiple possibilities to coexist. This imaginative play weaves together insights and experiences from various sources to form a new whole, which can then become a catalyst to action.[22] For the ENTJ, Ne can connect and generate ideas, adding breadth to the intuitive process of Ni. In its negative form Ne has a critical element that may lead to actions that demoralize or immobilize others.

Introverted sensing (Si): Si collects data in the present moment and compares it with past experiences. This process sometimes evokes the feelings associated with memory as if the subject were reliving it. Seeking to protect what is familiar, Si draws upon history to form goals and expectations about what will happen in the future.[23] For the ENTJ, Si can provide practical guidance and comic insight into bothersome or tiring situations that stress an otherwise stable ENTJ. However, neglect of Si can lead to careless and hasty behavior in detail-oriented tasks.

Extraverted feeling (Fe): Fe seeks social connections and creates harmonious interactions through polite, considerate, and appropriate behavior. Fe responds to the explicit (and implicit) wants of others, and may even create an internal conflict between the subject’s own needs and the desire to meet the needs of others.[24] For the ENTJ, the Fe function lacks proper acknowledgment much like the inferior Fi counterpart. Over the long term, Fe will balance the awareness that ENTJs have of themselves and others by dampening the excessive effects of the dominant Te function.

First Function: Business Logic
Well developed enterprise. Skill "to make the matter". Planning all its actions. Understanding expediency or inexpediency of any actions. High and productive fitness for work. Skill to find the most effective mode of operation. Tendency toward the success. Rationalization, result, sequence.

Second Function: Intuirtion of Time
Foresight of the possible versions of the course of events. High speed in the actions. Care of time. Prognostication of possible benefits. Skill to see likely dangers and to avoid them. Business fantasizing, the faith in the success, the "time - money".

Third Function: Ethics of Emotions
Understanding the expediency of the manifestation of the specific emotions in the specific situations. The demonstration of mood and emotions it is conformable to the formal expectations of the surrounding people. Tendency to develop a feeling of humor. Demonstration of optimism. In the critical situations flaunts by recklessness, "his fellow".
Fourth Function: sensorika of sensations
Unfeasible desire to remove from some physical aspects of its life. The tendency not to reach to other people of troubles in everything, concerning their health and way of life. Desire to avoid on the possibility of the ordinariness of life and everyday concerns. Categorical unwillingness so that that surrounding would evaluate its exterior view. Fear to lose health. Sometimes a certain untidiness in the exterior view, epatazh.

Fourth Function: sensorika of sensations
Unfeasible desire to remove from some physical aspects of its life. The tendency not to reach to other people of troubles in everything, concerning their health and way of life. Desire to avoid on the possibility of the ordinariness of life and everyday concerns. Categorical unwillingness so that that surrounding would evaluate its exterior view. Fear to lose health. Sometimes a certain untidiness in the exterior view, epatazh.

Fifth Function: ethics of relations
Clearly insufficient understanding of moral and ethical aspect of life. Enormous latent interest in the information about the relations between the people. Noncritical relation to this information and the readiness to entrust to it. Subconsious attitude to the honest and considerable relations with all people. Unconscious expectation of aid from the side of the surrounding in questions interrelations between the people. Sometimes subconsious offence to the life in the case of insufficient external protection on this aspect.

Sixth Function: volitional sensorika
Understanding the insufficiency of its volitional potential does not lead to the complexes, of it not characteristically to arise into the pose, it is said, "no - and it is not must!". Interest in the strong, persistent people under the external pressure acts more effectively. Reduction in the vital tone with the lowered exactingness from the side of those surrounding. Desire of the clear degree of form of interrelations with the surrounding people.

Seventh Function: logic of relationships
Taciturn interest in the existing connections between different objects and phenomena. Tendency toward the single-valued logical conclusions. Confidence in the correctness of its conclusions (which gives to it confidence in the correctness of its own actions). Readiness to explain to other people the logical aspects of their problems.
Eighth Function: intuition of possibilities
Strong, but not always realized interest in the new possibilities, the business prospects. Internal readiness for the change of the spheres of the application of its forces. Very wide, but a little surface erudition. Refusal of the ideas, not clearly confirmed by facts. A constant readiness to help people it is correct to estimate the content and the possible consequences of their actions.

Eighth Function: intuition of possibilities
Strong, but not always realized interest in the new possibilities, the business prospects. Internal readiness for the change of the spheres of the application of its forces. Very wide, but a little surface erudition. Refusal of the ideas, not clearly confirmed by facts. A constant readiness to help people it is correct to estimate the content and the possible consequences of their actions.